Multiple Sclerosis

Description:

Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease of the central nervous system.  In multiple sclerosis, segments of the myelin sheath covering the nerves disintegrate and are replaced by scar tissue.  This consequently distorts or prevents the nerve impulses that dictate muscle control.  MS involves onsets of 'attacks' and subsequent remission.  Most people with MS are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40.

There appear to be multiple causes in MS, possibly including viruses and environmental, genetic, and immune system factors. Among the well-established epidemiological observations on MS are:

MS is more common among Caucasians (particularly those of northern European ancestry) than other races, and is almost unheard of in some populations, such as Eskimos.

MS is twice as common in women compared to men.

Certain localized outbreaks or clusters of MS have been identified, but their significance is not known.

In certain populations, a genetic marker has been linked to MS. A particular genetic trait occurs more frequently in people with MS than in those who do not have the disease.

Symptoms:

The initial symptoms of MS are most often:

Difficulty in walking

Abnormal sensations such as numbness or "pins and needles"

Pain and loss of vision

 

 

Less common initial symptoms may include:

Tremor

Incoordination

Slurred speech

Sudden onset of paralysis, similar to a stroke

Decline in cognitive function ?the ability to think, reason, and remember.

Symptoms may progress to include:

Partial or complete paralysis

Loss of bladder or bowel control

Weakness

Hand tremors

Numbness

Dragging of one or both feet

Loss of balance

Loss of coordination

Instructional Strategies:

Instruction should be individualized based on the progression of the condition.

Particular attention needs to be paid to the emotional state of the individual.

Increase and maintenance of flexibility and range of motion is important to ease and prevent contractures.

Consistent and regulated physical activity is imperative to prevent atrophy and maintain and improve motor coordination and balance abilities.

Warm water is contraindicated. See the Multiple Sclerosis Aquatics Page for guidelines regarding water activity.

Links

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society

The Multiple Sclerosis Foundation

The World of Multiple Sclerosis

Information Sheet Home

Information on this sheet contains only suggested guidelines. Each person must be considered individually, and in many cases, a physician's written consent should be obtained.

This page was written by Kristi Roth, Ph.D. Student in Adapted Physical Education, Texas Woman's University, November, 1999.